AirMaster 3100V vs Greenpacket DT-350

مقایسه AirMaster 3100V و DT-350 با سیم کارت ایرانسل آنلاک

In this post, I am going to compare AirMaster 3100V (Software Version: V2.0.0B31) and GreenPacket DT-350 TD-LTE modems. They both support Band 42 which is used by some companies for providing TD-LTE internet, such as Irancell and Mobinnet in Iran.

To do the test, I put the modems in the same location at about the same time and made the tests.

I used the same Irancell simcard on both modems. It is possible to use an Irancell simcard on the AirMaster 3100V modem provided by irancell however you first need to allow it in modem settings (192.168.1.1/lte/simcardinfo.asp) as explained here. The common Root passwords (note that both the username and password are case-sensitive) for this airmaster modem is mentioned here and here :

PWDd0N~WH*4G#DN

R0Br0o^S85~LT3@MN

RoBJ@!M85~LT3#95*MN

It is not possible to use a mobinnet simcard on a DT-350 modem provided by Irancell as the modem does not allow it.

Here are the results, for AirMaster 3100v modem with an Irancell simcard:

and for DT-350 with the same Irancell simcard in the same location:

We see that AirMaster 3100V had a better performance compared to the DT-350 modem.

How to do MTU discovery on Linux and Mac

To find the optimal MTU for your network, you need to find the maximum packet size you can send through it. 

on Mac  use the following command to send ping packets with a MTU size of 1500 :

ping -D -s $((1500-28)) -c 1 1.1.1.1

and on linux use:

ping -M do -D -s $((1500-28)) -c 1 1.1.1.1

To find the default MTU that is set on your device, use the following command on linux 

ip -d link list

and on mac use :

networksetup -getMTU en0

ifconfig should also show the default MTU for your network interfaces.

[How To] Apache Websockets WSS in a Subfolder

 The following syntax can be used to run websocket connections in Apache in a subfolder : 

# /websocket1 to port 2085

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /websocket1 [NC]

RewriteCond %{HTTP:Upgrade} "(?i)websocket" [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP:CONNECTION} ^Upgrade$ [NC]

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ ws://127.0.0.1:2085/$1 [P,QSA,L]

# /websocket2 to port 3126

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /websocket2 [NC]

RewriteCond %{HTTP:Upgrade} "(?i)websocket" [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP:CONNECTION} ^Upgrade$ [NC]

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ ws://127.0.0.1:3126/$1 [P,QSA,L]

The above need to be used in a SSL virtualhost.

For a non-SSL virtualhost, one can simply use:

ProxyPass "/websocket1" "ws://127.0.0.1:2085/"

ProxyPass "/websocket2" "ws://127.0.0.1:3126/"

Stable Jitsi meet setup on Raspberry Pi 4 + TV + Webcam

 It feels much better to run meetings on a big screen TV rather than a phone or regular monitors.

Raspberry Pi 4 can be connected to a TV to run such meetings. The setup is not straightforward though, you may get an overloaded Pi with lags in meeting with the default configuration.

Here are the points to consider to make a stable setup:

1. The 3.5mm jack port on Pi 4 does NOT support microphone. You need to use a USB microphone or a 3.5mm jack headphone + a USB audio card. Cheap USB microphones / audio cards do not have an acceptable quality and you would get a noisy input. So you would either need to order a professional USB microphone which is expensive, or go for a logtech webcam which has a quite decent built-in microphone. A list of tested webcams on Pi is provided here.

I went for the latter and ordered Logitech C310 and it worked smoothly. 

A 4k HDMI cable is also needed to connect pi to a 4k TV. You may also enable 60fps for your 4k TV, I did not test it though as my TV was not 4K.

2. Streaming is resource consuming and you would need to get a fan for your Pi. Official Raspberry Pi Fan is a good choice as it can be configured to turn on whenever CPU temperature gets above a certain degree.

Also, get a powerful enough adapter for your Pi. I ordered Mi 27W adapter which can provide 3A 5V. With a good adapter and fan, you can overclock your Pi to get 2Ghz CPU cores / 700Mhz GPU cores.

Enable G2 GL for your Pi to get hardware acceleration, and set gpu_mem to max recommended

# /boot/config.txt 

# hdmi_force_hotplug is required for libcec https://github.com/Pulse-Eight/libcec#raspberry-pi

hdmi_force_hotplug=1

# Overclocking

over_voltage=6

arm_freq=2000

gpu_freq=700

[pi4]

# Enable DRM VC4 V3D driver on top of the dispmanx display stack

dtoverlay=vc4-fkms-v3d

max_framebuffers=2

[all]

dtoverlay=vc4-fkms-v3d

[all]

dtoverlay=gpio-fan,gpiopin=14,temp=60000

gpu_mem=256

disable xcompmgr composition manager to reduce screen tearing as mentioned here: 

sudo mv /etc/xdg/autostart/xcompmgr.desktop /home/pi/backup.xcompmgr.deskto

and reboot the Pi. Without this setting, you would see glitches in your jitsi calls.

You may also want to disable sceen blanking in raspi-config . 

3. Install v4l-utils package and add set raspberry pi to configure your webcam to its max res on startup

# /etc/rc.local

# /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --get-fmt-video 

# /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --list-formats-ext

/usr/bin/v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=1280,height=720,pixelformat=1

Pi Camera v2 is not a good option to use as camera. Although it has a wider field of view, it does not include microphone, its cable and mounting are pain. It is said that Pi Camera connects to GPU and creates less CPU load for streaming however in my tests it caused about 2x higher CPU load compared to logitech C310 no matter what encoding was used in v4l2-ctl for the Pi camera.

4. Launch Chromium with these options :

/usr/bin/chromium-browser --use-fake-ui-for-media-stream --no-first-run --no-zygote --no-sandbox --disable-setuid-sandbox

in chrome://gpu you can see the status of gpu acceleration. You may use chrome://flags to enable more options for hardware acceleration such as "GPU rasterization", "Override software rendering list", "Hardware-accelerated video decode"

5. Add the following configuration to the end of your Jitsi Room URL :

https://Jitsi.Yourdomain/ROOM#config.disableSimulcast=true&config.enableLayerSuspension=true&config.disableSuspendVideo=true&config.disableAudioLevels=true&config.p2p.enabled=false&config.disableH264=false&config.preferH264=true

You need to ensure that everybody who joins the room uses these parameters. You can hover the mouse on top left signal bar on their thumbnail and ensure that participants are using H264 encoding.

I used Apache rewrite rules on my jitsi hosted server to force these parameters for everyone joining the room: 

RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^https://Jitsi.Yourdomain/check.html [NC]

RewriteRule ^/?ROOM$ https://Jitsi.Yourdomain/check.html [R=302,NC,L,R,NE]

<Files check.html>

FileETag None

Header unset ETag

Header set Cache-Control "max-age=0, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"

Header set Pragma "no-cache"

Header set Expires "Wed, 11 Jan 1984 05:00:00 GMT"

</Files>

or with nginx:

location ~ ^/ROOM {

    if ($http_referer !~* "https://Jitsi.Yourdomain/check.html") {

    rewrite ^/ROOM$ check.html redirect;

    }

    proxy_set_header Host $host;

    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8480;

}

location /check.html {

    add_header Last-Modified $date_gmt;

    add_header Cache-Control 'no-store, no-cache';

    if_modified_since off;

    expires off;

    etag off;

    root   /var/www/html;

    index  index.html index.htm;

}

This checks if the referrer of the URL to join the room is check.html or not. If it is not check.html, it redirects the page to check.html . Now in the check.html file we can set whatever parameters we want and redirect it to our ROOM :

<html>

  <head>

    <meta http-equiv="Cache-control" content="No-Cache">

  </head>

  <body>

    <form id="redirect" action="https://Jitsi.Yourdomain/ROOM#config.disableSimulcast=true&config.enableLayerSuspension=true&config.disableSuspendVideo=true&config.disableAudioLevels=true&config.p2p.enabled=false&config.disableH264=false&config.preferH264=true&videoQuality.preferredCodec=H264" method="get"></form>

    <script>

      document.getElementById("redirect").submit();

    </script>

  </body>

</html>

You may also add

 &config.webrtcIceUdpDisable=true&config.webrtcIceTcpDisable=false

to the check.html action URL and use JVB_TCP_HARVESTER_DISABLED=false in the .env file of your docker-jitsi-meet to disable UDP in jitsi.

At 720p, each camera requires an average of 200 KB/s (1.6 Mbps) of upload bandwidth and support for peak rates of 500 KB/s (4.0 Mbps) of upload bandwidth.

With the above settings, I was able to run Jitsi meetings quite smoothly on the Pi with HD streaming on both ends. Here is the server load on Pi after 20mins in the jitsi session:

Install Asterisk 18 / FreePBX 15 on Ubuntu [Raspberry PI 4]

An updated version of this post is available here.

I use this tutorial to setup RemoSIM.com product for customers.

RasPBX – Asterisk for Raspberry Pi is a cost-effective solution to run Asterisk VoIP server on RaspberryPi. The installation is very simple and the web interface makes it super easy to run a low-cost VoIP solution.

I installed RasPBX and used its chan_dongle module to route calls / SMS from sim cards to VoIP/Telegram. It was a long story described in this post to eventually reach a stable setup. 

The setup I had with RasPBX was constantly resetting usb dongles say every 10-30mins. I decided to switch to Ubuntu for Raspberry Pi and install the latest version of Asterisk 18.x instead of Asterisk 16.x provided in RasPBX/Ubuntu and interestingly enough, it resolved the problem I had with disconnecting USB dongles.

So in this post, I'm going to describe how to install Asterisk 18.x with chan_dongle module, Fail2Ban and FreePBX on Ubuntu for RaspberryPI and use CLI interface to configure it.

 Steps:

Download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS for Raspberry PI and burn the image to your microsd card. 

SSH to your raspberry: ssh ubuntu@raspberry.IP.Address , the default password is ubuntu

# update packages there 

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y

#freepbx installation must be run as root, so login to SSH as root :

sudo passwd

sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

service sshd restart

# Install required packages, note that freepbx 15 does not support php v7.4 so we have to install php v7.3

add-apt-repository universe

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

apt-get install -y build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r` openssh-server apache2 mariadb-server mariadb-client bison flex php7.3 php7.3-curl php7.3-cli php7.3-pdo php7.3-mysql php-pear php7.3-gd php7.3-mbstring php7.3-intl php7.3-xml  curl sox libncurses5-dev libssl-dev mpg123 libxml2-dev libnewt-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev pkg-config automake libtool autoconf git unixodbc-dev uuid uuid-dev libasound2-dev libogg-dev libvorbis-dev libicu-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libical-dev libneon27-dev libsrtp2-dev libspandsp-dev sudo subversion libtool-bin python-dev unixodbc dirmngr sendmail-bin sendmail htop cmake libmariadb-dev-compat

# or on Raspbian OS:

apt-get install -y build-essential raspberrypi-kernel-headers openssh-server apache2 mariadb-server mariadb-client bison flex php7.3 php7.3-curl php7.3-cli php7.3-pdo php7.3-mysql php-pear php7.3-gd php7.3-mbstring php7.3-intl php7.3-xml  curl sox libncurses5-dev libssl-dev mpg123 libxml2-dev libnewt-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev pkg-config automake libtool autoconf git unixodbc-dev uuid uuid-dev libasound2-dev libogg-dev libvorbis-dev libicu-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libical-dev libneon27-dev libsrtp2-dev libspandsp-dev sudo subversion libtool-bin python-dev unixodbc dirmngr sendmail-bin sendmail htop cmake libmariadb-dev-compat

# install nodejs

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | bash -

apt-get install -y nodejs

curl https://www.npmjs.com/install.sh | sh

# required pear package

pear install Console_Getopt

#add the following line to [mysqld] section of /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

# restart mariadb

service mariadb restart

# download and install asterisk 18

cd /usr/src

rm -fr asterisk-18-current.tar.gz

wget http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/asterisk/asterisk-18-current.tar.gz

tar xvfz asterisk-18-current.tar.gz

cd asterisk-18.*

contrib/scripts/get_mp3_source.sh

contrib/scripts/install_prereq install

./configure --with-pjproject-bundled --with-jansson-bundled

make menuselect.makeopts

menuselect/menuselect --enable app_macro --enable format_mp3 menuselect.makeopts

make

make install

make config

ldconfig

update-rc.d -f asterisk remove

# correct asterisk permissions

useradd -m asterisk

chown asterisk. /var/run/asterisk

chown -R asterisk. /etc/asterisk

chown -R asterisk. /var/{lib,log,spool}/asterisk

chown -R asterisk. /usr/lib/asterisk

rm -rf /var/www/html

mkdir /var/www/html # freepbx reinstall needed

# update apache config

sed -i 's/\(^upload_max_filesize = \).*/\120M/' /etc/php/7.3/apache2/php.ini

cp /etc/apache2/apache2.conf /etc/apache2/apache2.conf_orig

sed -i 's/^\(User\|Group\).*/\1 asterisk/' /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

sed -i 's/AllowOverride None/AllowOverride All/' /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

a2enmod rewrite

service apache2 restart

# compile ODBC driver for aarch64

cd /usr/src

wget https://dlm.mariadb.com/1489919/Connectors/odbc/connector-odbc-3.1.11/mariadb-connector-odbc-3.1.11-ga-src.tar.gz

tar -zxvf mariadb-connector-odbc-3*

cd mariadb-connector-odbc-3*

mkdir build

cd build

DM_DIR=/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DCONC_WITH_UNIT_TESTS=Off -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO="-I/usr/include/mariadb -L/usr/lib"

## OR on raspbian:

DM_DIR=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DCONC_WITH_UNIT_TESTS=Off -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO="-I/usr/include/mariadb -L/usr/lib"

##

make

make install

# Configure ODBC

cat <<EOF > /etc/odbcinst.ini

[MySQL]

Description = ODBC for MySQL (MariaDB)

Driver = /usr/local/lib/mariadb/libmaodbc.so

FileUsage = 1

EOF

cat <<EOF > /etc/odbc.ini

[MySQL-asteriskcdrdb]

Description = MySQL connection to 'asteriskcdrdb' database

Driver = MySQL

Server = localhost

Database = asteriskcdrdb

Port = 3306

Socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

Option = 3

EOF

# Download and install freepbx which requires php7.3

cd /usr/src

wget http://mirror.freepbx.org/modules/packages/freepbx/freepbx-15.0-latest.tgz

tar vxfz freepbx-15.0-latest.tgz

touch /etc/asterisk/{modules,cdr}.conf

cd freepbx

./start_asterisk start

./install -n

fwconsole ma disablerepo commercial

fwconsole ma install callrecording core dashboard customappsreg infoservices logfiles pm2 sipsettings voicemail 

fwconsole reload

# Installing chan_dongle

apt-get install usb-modeswitch -y

cd /usr/src

git clone https://github.com/wdoekes/asterisk-chan-dongle

cd asterisk-chan-dongle

./bootstrap

./configure --with-astversion=18.5 --with-asterisk=/usr/src/asterisk-18.5.0/include

# I have noticed that using SIM memory card as the default storage for SMS causes text messages to not receive every once in a while. So set chan_dongle to use dongle memory for SMS by default:

##sed -i at_command.c -e 's#AT+CPMS=\\"SM\\",\\"SM\\",\\"SM\\"#AT+CPMS=\\"ME\\",\\"ME\\",\\"ME\\"#g'

# fix the "dongle reset dongleX" command for E171 firmware  , this dongle needs to be reset using AT^RESET instead of AT^CFUN=1,1 so we send both commands to the modem

##sed -i at_command.c -e 's#AT+CFUN=1,1\\r#AT+CFUN=1,1\\rAT^RESET\\r#g'

make

make install

# chown ttyUSB* devs to asterisk

echo 'KERNEL=="ttyUSB*", GROUP="dialout", OWNER="asterisk"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules

# Freepbx startup script: /etc/systemd/system/freepbx.service

[Unit]

Description=FreePBX VoIP Server

After=mariadb.service

 

[Service]

Type=oneshot

RemainAfterExit=yes

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/fwconsole start -q

ExecStop=/usr/sbin/fwconsole stop -q

 

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

# Enable swap area on Raspberry 

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=1

chmod 600 /swapfile

mkswap /swapfile

swapon /swapfile

# add the following line to /etc/fstab

/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0

# delete journald folder so that it stores logs to RAM to avoid high disk io

rm -fr /var/log/journal

# compile atinout command 

cd /usr/src

wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/atinout/files/v0.9.1/atinout-0.9.1.tar.gz

tar -zxvf atinout*.gz

cd atinout-0.9.1

sed -i Makefile -e "s,-Werror,,g"

make

make install

mkdir /scripts

# add this script to send commands to all dongles {0..4} , 4 should be replaced by the number of dongles you have minus one

# vi /scripts/at

#!/bin/bash

dataports=`for i in {0..4}; do asterisk -rx "dongle show device state dongle$i" | grep "Device\|USB" | grep Data | awk '{print $3}'; done`

for data in $dataports; do

echo "$1" | timeout 1 atinout - $data - 2>&1

done

# add this script to remove all sms messages from sim cards / dongles : 

# vi /scripts/deletesms.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Storage types: https://www.developershome.com/sms/cpmsCommand.asp

# Reading commands: https://www.developershome.com/sms/cmgrCommand2.asp

# Delivery reports: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18251903/how-to-handle-delivery-report-in-gsm-modem

/scripts/at AT+CPMS=\"SR\",\"SR\",\"SR\"

/scripts/at AT+CMGD=1,4

/scripts/at AT+CPMS=\"MT\",\"MT\",\"MT\"

/scripts/at AT+CMGD=1,4

/scripts/at AT+CPMS=\"ME\",\"ME\",\"ME\"

/scripts/at AT+CMGD=1,4

/scripts/at AT+CPMS=\"SM\",\"SM\",\"SM\"

/scripts/at AT+CMGD=1,4

# make them executable

chmod +x /scripts/at

chmod +x /scripts/deletesms.sh

# add deletesms.sh to cronjobs to avoid this bug 

# crontab -e

0 */6 * * * /scripts/deletesms.sh

# Adding a useful alias command: s

# typing s in shell would show status of all dongles with a refresh rate of 1 second:

# vi ~/.bashrc

alias s="watch -n1 'asterisk -rx \"dongle show devices\"'

# s alias command: 

# keep an eye on the RSSI column there which shows signal strength. RSSI values above 15 are good.

# a low RSSI below 15 might result in dongle reset and constant "GSM not registered" error

# add the following cron jobs to keep raspberrypi updated

apt-get install rpi-eeprom -y

crontab -e

# 

0 14 * * * apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade -y

0 17 * * * /usr/sbin/fwconsole ma refreshsignatures && /usr/sbin/fwconsole ma upgradeall

30 17 * * * /usr/sbin/fwconsole setting SIGNATURECHECK 0

30 17 * * * /usr/sbin/fwconsole setting MODULEADMINEDGE 1

0 18 * * * /usr/bin/rpi-eeprom-update -a

# The following script can be used to monitor your local VPN network (10.0.1.1 here)  and restart the vpn service (wireguard in this example) if the connection was not available. 

# vi /scripts/nointernet.sh

#!/bin/bash

if ping -c 1 10.0.1.1 &> /dev/null

then

  echo 1

else

  echo 0

  /bin/systemctl restart wg-quick@wg0

  /bin/systemctl restart wg-quick@wg1

  sleep 5

  /scripts/tg.py --sender 'System' --dongle 'system' --destination 'system' --message "There was no internet connection, the VPN service was restarted"

fi

# The following scripts can be used to monitor number of dongles you have ( here 5 ) and restart them if they were disconnected

# vi /scripts/down.sh

#!/bin/bash

numdongles=5

downs=$(/usr/sbin/asterisk -rx "dongle show devices" | grep "Not connec\|GSM not\|Unknown" | awk '{print $1}')

now=$(date +'%m-%d-%Y')

# reset down dogles

for down in $downs; do

        /scripts/tg.py --sender 'system' --dongle 'system' --destination 'system' --message "dongle $down was down and it was reset";

        /usr/sbin/asterisk -rx "dongle reset $down";

#        /usr/sbin/asterisk -rx "dongle restart now $down";

done

# need to reset raspberry if all dongles are in Not connected state :

downs=$(/usr/sbin/asterisk -rx "dongle show devices" | grep "Not connec" | awk '{print $1}' | wc -l)

if [ $downs -eq $numdongles ]; then

        /scripts/tg.py --sender 'system' --dongle 'system' --destination 'system' --message "all donlges were down and the pi was restarted";

        /bin/dmesg > /scripts/log/dmesg-$now.txt

        /scripts/restart.sh

fi

# need to reset raspberry if one of dongles is disconnected

notconnected=$(/usr/bin/lsusb | grep Huawei | wc -l)

if [ $notconnected -ne $numdongles ]; then

        /scripts/tg.py --sender 'system' --dongle 'system' --destination 'system' --message "one of dongles was not listed in lsusb and the dongle was restarted";

        /bin/dmesg > /scripts/log/dmesg-$now.txt;

        /scripts/restart.sh

fi

# The following script can be used to restart raspberry  / hubs 

# vi /scripts/restart.sh

#!/bin/bash

# restart raspberry 

#echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger

# or restart the usb hub

hubs=`uhubctl --vendor 05e3 | grep status | awk '{print $5}'`;

for hub in $hubs;

 do uhubctl --loc $hub --action 2;

done

sleep 5

/usr/sbin/asterisk -rx "dongle discovery"

# Add the above monitoring scripts, and also two cron jobs to remove raspberry logs when they become large

# crontab -e

*/5 * * * * /scripts/nointernet.sh

*/10 * * * * /scripts/down.sh

0 * * * * /usr/bin/find /var/log/ -type f -size +500M  -delete

0 * * * * /usr/bin/find /home/ -type f -size +500M  -delete

# Restart raspberrypi

reboot

# After reboot, set your GSM dongles to Modem-only:

/scripts/at AT^U2DIAG=0

/scripts/at AT^SETPORT=\"A1,A2\;1,3,2,A2\" #for E171 Firmware 21.156.00.00.143 (requires { 0x12d1, 0x1506, { 2, 1, /* 0 */ } }, in pdiscovery.c of asterisk-chan-dongle) , disables cdrom and network adapter

#/scripts/at AT^SETPORT=\"A1,A2\;1,16,3,2,A2\" #for E171 Firmware 21.156.00.00.143 (requires { 0x12d1, 0x1506, { 3, 2, /* 0 */ } }, in pdiscovery.c of asterisk-chan-dongle) , disables cdrom